ODBC: Supported SQL Grammar

The grammar declarations are described with these notations:

Notation	Description
<blank>	No qualifier is required
<command> | <command>	Use one of the specified commands
[qualifier]	Optional qualifier, may be omitted
(paramval)	Required parameter value
expression	Numeric or string calculation

statement

statement::= ALTER alter | CREATE create | DELETE delete | DROP drop | INSERT insert | GRANT grant | RECITAL recital | REVOKE revoke | SELECT select | UPDATE update

aggterm

COUNT (*) | AVG (expression) | MAX (expression) | MIN (expression) | MIN (expression) | SUM (expression)

alias

AS aliasname

aliasname

identifier

alter

TABLE tablename ADD (createcols)

and

not | not AND and

asc

<blank> | ASC | DESC

boolean

<blank> and | and OR boolean

coldesc

<blank> | DESCRIPTION string

colref

aliasname.columnname | columnname

column

columnname

columnlist

identifier, identifier | identifier

columnname

identifier

comparison

(boolean) | colref IS NULL | colref IS NOT NULL | expression LIKE pattern | expression NOT LIKE pattern | expression IN {valuelist} | expression NOT IN {valuelist} | expression op expression

create

TABLE tablename (createcols) | 0 [UNIQUE] INDEX indexname ON tablename (indexcols)

createcol

columnname datatype coldesc | columnname datatype (integer) coldesc | columnname datatype (integer, integer) coldesc

createcols

createcol, createcols | createcol

cursorname

identifier

datatype

CHAR | VARCHAR | LONG VARCHAR | DECIMAL | NUMERIC | SMALLINT | INTEGER | REAL | FLOAT | DOUBLE PRECISION | BIT | TINYINT | SHORT | DATE | LOGICAL | MEMO | BYTE | CURRENCY | DATETIME | LONG VARBINARY | ZONED

date

a date in ODBC escape clause format (for example, {d'1996-04-04'} or --(*vendor(Microsoft), product(ODBC)d'1996-04-04'*)--

delete

FROM tablename where

drop

TABLE tablename | INDEX indexname

expression

expression + times | expression - times | times

forupdate

<blank> | FOR UPDATE | FOR UPDATE OF columnlist

grant

privilege ON tablename TO usergroups

groupby

GROUP BY groupbyterms

groupbyterms

colref | colref, groupbyterms

groups

integer, groups | integer | integer – integer, groups | integer – integer | *

having

<blank> | HAVING boolean

identifier

an identifier (identifiers containing spaces must be enclosed in double quotes)

indexcols

columnname [ASC | DESC] | indexcols, indexcols

indexname

identifier

insert

INTO tablename insertvals

insertvals

(columnlist) VALUES (valuelist) | VALUES (valuelist)

integer

a non-negative integer

join

INNER JOIN | OUTER JOIN | LEFT [OUTER] JOIN | RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN | CROSS JOIN tableref ON table.column = table.column

neg

term | + term | - term

not

comparison | NOT comparison

op

> | >= | < | <= | = | <>

orderby

<blank> | ORDER BY orderbyterms

orderbyterm

colref asc | integer asc

orderbyterms

orderbyterm | orderbyterm, orderbyterms

pattern

string | ? | USER

privilege

ALL | ALTER | DELETE | INSERT | READ ONLY columnlist | SELECT columnlist | UPDATE columnlist

realnumber

a non-negative real number

recital

any recital command excluding user interface commands

revoke

privilege ON tablename FROM usergroups

select

selectcols FROM tablelist where groupby having orderby forupdate

selectallcols

<blank>| ALL | DISTINCT

selectcols

selectallcols * | selectallcols selectlist

selectlist

expression, selectlist | expression

set

column = NULL | column = simpleterm

setlist

set | setlist, set

simpleterm

string | realnumber | ? | USER | date | time | timestamp

string

a string (enclosed in single quotes)

table

tablename | aliasname

tablelist

tableref, tablelist | tableref | tableref join | viewname

tablename

identifier

tableref

tablename | tablename alias

term

(expression) | colref | simpleterm | aggterm

time

a time in ODBC escape clause format (for example,{t'10:19:48'} or --(*vendor(Microsoft), product(ODBC)t'10:19:48'*)--

times

times * neg | times / neg | neg

timestamp

a timestamp in ODBC escape clause format (for example, {ts'1996-04-04 10:19:48.529'} or --(*vendor(Microsoft), product(ODBC)ts'1996-04-04 10:19:54.529'*)

update

tablename SET setlist where

usergroup

user and group access control string in the format '[users,groups]'

usergroups

usergroup, usergroups | PUBLIC

users

integer, users | integer | integer – integer , users | integer – integer | *

valuelist

NULL, valuelist | expression, valuelist | expression | NULL

viewname

identifier

where

<blank> | WHERE boolean | WHERE CURRENT OF cursorname