When using Recital Web you can maintain the exact state of each work area between pages like this.

On exit of an .rsp page.

SAVE DATASESSION TO m_state 
_SESSION["state"] = m_state 

On entry to an .rsp page.

IF type( _session["state"] ) != "U" 
    m_state = _session["state"] 
    RESTORE DATASESSION FROM m_state 
ENDIF

• Warnings
• Headers
• Icon set 1
• Icon set 2
• Icon set 3
• Tooltips
• Highlights
• Code
• Unordered lists
• Ordered lists
• Abbrs and acronyms
• Definition lists
• Legends
• Dropcaps
• Floated blocks
• Other span blocks
• Blockquotes
• Tables

Warnings

This is a sample info message. Use <p class="gkInfo1">Your info message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample tips message. Use <p class="gkTips1">Your tips goes here!</p>.

This is a sample warning message. Use <p class="gkWarning1">Your warning message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample info message. Use <p class="gkInfo2">Your info message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample tips message. Use <p class="gkTips2">Your tips goes here!</p>.

This is a sample warning message. Use <p class="gkWarning2">Your warning message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample info message. Use <p class="gkInfo3">Your info message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample tips message. Use <p class="gkTips3">Your tips goes here!</p>.

This is a sample warning message. Use <p class="gkWarning3">Your warning message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample info message. Use <p class="gkInfo4">Your info message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample tips message. Use <p class="gkTips4">Your tips goes here!</p>.

This is a sample warning message. Use <p class="gkWarning4">Your warning message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample info message. Use <p class="gkInfo5">Your info message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample tips message. Use <p class="gkTips5">Your tips goes here!</p>.

This is a sample warning message. Use <p class="gkWarning5">Your warning message goes here!</p>.

Headers

This is heading 1

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer semper egestas nunc in volutpat. Fusce adipiscing velit ac eros tempor iaculis. Phasellus venenatis mollis augue, non posuere odio placerat in. Etiam volutpat ultrices lectus. Fusce eu felis erat. Donec congue interdum elit, sed ornare magna convallis lacinia. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Mauris volutpat consectetur accumsan.

This is heading 2

Cras diam justo, sodales quis lobortis sed, lobortis vel mauris. Sed a mollis nunc. Quisque semper condimentum lectus, eget laoreet ipsum auctor et. Quisque sagittis luctus augue, id fringilla enim euismod quis. Nullam blandit, elit at euismod rutrum, tortor nibh posuere mauris, in volutpat diam ante ac dui. Sed velit massa, imperdiet placerat tristique et, consectetur a lorem. Praesent aliquet turpis in quam tempor eu pulvinar nibh luctus.

This is heading 3

Vivamus rhoncus arcu sit amet est tristique convallis nec vel eros. Vestibulum euismod luctus velit quis porta. Aliquam varius placerat mauris sed vehicula. Integer porta facilisis sapien, in tempus lorem mattis molestie. Suspendisse potenti. Praesent quis diam non dolor convallis mattis eu id nulla.

This is heading 4

Proin urna erat, egestas vel consectetur at, accumsan at purus. Donec est risus, facilisis dignissim placerat nec, euismod lacinia nisi. Nam ac sem sed quam sollicitudin condimentum et eu neque. Nunc enim urna, ultricies ac mollis pretium, imperdiet hendrerit massa. Sed eleifend felis sed tellus cursus lacinia. Aenean venenatis aliquet euismod. Nam quis turpis tellus, vitae malesuada neque.

This is a headline.

This is a subheadline.

Use <p class="gkHeadling">for headline</p>.Use <p class="gkSubHeadline">for subheadline</p>.Proin urna erat, egestas vel consectetur at, accumsan at purus. Donec est risus, facilisis dignissim placerat nec, euismod lacinia nisi. Nam ac sem sed quam sollicitudin condimentum et eu neque. Nunc enim urna, ultricies ac mollis pretium, imperdiet hendrerit massa. Sed eleifend felis sed tellus cursus lacinia. Aenean venenatis aliquet euismod. Nam quis turpis tellus, vitae malesuada neque.

This is a small headline

This is a large headline

Use <p class="gkHeadling">for headline</p>.Use <p class="gkSubHeadline">for subheadline</p>.Proin urna erat, egestas vel consectetur at, accumsan at purus. Donec est risus, facilisis dignissim placerat nec, euismod lacinia nisi. Nam ac sem sed quam sollicitudin condimentum et eu neque. Nunc enim urna, ultricies ac mollis pretium, imperdiet hendrerit massa. Sed eleifend felis sed tellus cursus lacinia. Aenean venenatis aliquet euismod. Nam quis turpis tellus, vitae malesuada neque.

Icon set 1

This is a sample audio message. Use <p class="gkAudio">Your audio message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample webcam message. Use <p class="gkWebcam">Your webcam goes here!</p>.

This is a sample email message. Use <p class="gkEmail">Your email message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample creditcard message. Use <p class="gkCreditcard">Your creditcart message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample feed message. Use <p class="gkFeed">Your feed goes here!</p>.

This is a sample help message. Use <p class="gkHelp">Your help message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample images message. Use <p class="gkImages">Your images message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample lock message. Use <p class="gkLock">Your webcam goes here!</p>.

This is a sample printer message. Use <p class="gkPrinter">Your printer message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample report message. Use <p class="gkReport">Your report message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample script message. Use <p class="gkScript">Your script goes here!</p>.

This is a sample time message. Use <p class="gkTime">Your time message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample user message. Use <p class="gkUser">Your user message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample world message. Use <p class="gkWorld">Your world goes here!</p>.

This is a sample cart message. Use <p class="gkCart">Your cart message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample cd message. Use <p class="gkCd">Your cd message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample chart_bar message. Use <p class="gkChartBar">Your chart_bar goes here!</p>.

This is a sample chart_line message. Use <p class="gkChartLine">Your chart_line message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample chart_pie message. Use <p class="gkChartPie">Your chart_pie message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample clock message. Use <p class="gkClock">Your clock goes here!</p>.

This is a sample cog message. Use <p class="gkCog">Your cog message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample coins message. Use <p class="gkCoins">Your coins message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample compress message. Use <p class="gkCompress">Your compress goes here!</p>.

This is a sample computer message. Use <p class="gkComputer">Your computer message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample cross message. Use <p class="gkCross">Your cross message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample disk message. Use <p class="gkDisk">Your disk goes here!</p>.

This is a sample error message. Use <p class="gkError">Your error message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample exclamation message. Use <p class="gkExclamation">Your exclamation message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample film message. Use <p class="gkFilm">Your film goes here!</p>.

This is a sample folder message. Use <p class="gkFolder">Your folder message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample group message. Use <p class="gkGroup">Your group message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample heart message. Use <p class="gkHeart">Your heart goes here!</p>.

This is a sample house message. Use <p class="gkHouse">Your house message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample image message. Use <p class="gkImage">Your image message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample information message. Use <p class="gkInformation">Your information message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample magnifier message. Use <p class="gkMagnifier">Your magnifier message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample money message. Use <p class="gkMoney">Your money goes here!</p>.

This is a sample new message. Use <p class="gkNew">Your new message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample note message. Use <p class="gkNote">Your note message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample page message. Use <p class="gkPage">Your page goes here!</p>.

This is a sample page_white message. Use <p class="gkPage_white">Your page_white message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample plugin message. Use <p class="gkPlugin">Your plugin message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample accept message. Use <p class="gkAccept">Your accept goes here!</p>.

This is a sample add message. Use <p class="gkAdd">Your add message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample camera message. Use <p class="gkCamera">Your camera message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample brick message. Use <p class="gkBrick">Your brick goes here!</p>.

This is a sample box message. Use <p class="gkBox">Your box message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample calendar message. Use <p class="gkCalendar">Your calendar message goes here!</p>.

Icon set 2

This is a sample audio message. Use <p class="gkAudioIs2">Your audio message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample email message. Use <p class="gkEmailIs2">Your email message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample feed message. Use <p class="gkFeedIs2">Your feed message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample images message. Use <p class="gkImagesIs2">Your images message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample lock message. Use <p class="gkLockIs2">Your lock message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample printer message. Use <p class="gkPrinterIs2">Your printer message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample time message. Use <p class="gkTimeIs2">Your time message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample user message. Use <p class="gkUserIs2">Your calendar message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample world message. Use <p class="gkWorldIs2">Your world message goes here!</p>.

YThis is a sample cart message. Use <p class="gkCartIs2">Your cart message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample cd message. Use <p class="gkCdIs2">Your cd message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample chart line message. Use <p class="gkChartLineIs2">Your chart line message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample chart pie message. Use <p class="gkChartPieIs2">Your calendar message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample clock message. Use <p class="gkClockIs2">Your clock message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample config message. Use <p class="gkCogIs2">Your config message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample computer message. Use <p class="gkComputerIs2">Your computer message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample error message. Use <p class="gkErrorIs2">Your error message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample exclamation message. Use <p class="gkExclamationIs2">Your exclamation message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample movie message. Use <p class="gkFilmIs2">Your movie message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample folder message. Use <p class="gkFolderIs2">Your folder message goes here!</p>.

This is a group calendar message. Use <p class="gkGroupIs2">Your group message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample house message. Use <p class="gkHouseIs2">Your house message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample image message. Use <p class="gkImageIs2">Your image message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample information message. Use <p class="gkInfromationIs2">Your information message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample magnifier message. Use <p class="gkMagnifierIs2">Your magnifier message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample money message. Use <p class="gkMoneyIs2">Your money message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample page message. Use <p class="gkPageIs2">Your page message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample camera message. Use <p class="gkCameraIs2">Your camera message goes here!</p>.

This is a calendar feed message. Use <p class="gkCalendarIs2">Your calendar message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample contact message. Use <p class="gkContactIs2">Your contact message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample facebook message. Use <p class="gkFacebookIs2">Your facebook message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample like it message. Use <p class="gkLikeItIs2">Your like it message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample twitter message. Use <p class="gkTwitterIs2">Your twitter message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample video message. Use <p class="gkVideoIs2">Your video message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample youtube message. Use <p class="gkYoutubeIs2">Your youtube message goes here!</p>.

Icon set 3

This is a sample audio message. Use <p class="gkAudioIs3">Your audio message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample camera message. Use <p class="gkCameraIs3">Your camera message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample lock message. Use <p class="gkLockIs3">Your lock message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample user message. Use <p class="gkUserIs3">Your user message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample cart message. Use <p class="gkCartIs3">Your cart message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample chart bar message. Use <p class="gkChartBarIs3">Your chart bar message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample config message. Use <p class="gkConfigIs3">Your config message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample configuration message. Use <p class="gkConfig2Is3">Your configuration message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample computer message. Use <p class="gkComputerIs3">Your computer message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample coffe message. Use <p class="gkCoffeIs3">Your coffe message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample cross message. Use <p class="gkCrossIs3">Your cross message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample error message. Use <p class="gkErrorIs3">Your error message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample house message. Use <p class="gkHouseIs3">Your house message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample information message. Use <p class="gkInformationIs3">Your inforation message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample magnifier message. Use <p class="gkMagnifierIs3">Your magnifier message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample page message. Use <p class="gkPageIs3">Your page message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample lock message. Use <p class="gkLockIs3">Your lock message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample camera message. Use <p class="gkCameraIs3">Your camera message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample star message. Use <p class="gkStarIs3">Your star message goes here!</p>.

This is a sample telephone message. Use <p class="gkTelephoneIs3">Your telephone message goes here!</p>.

Tooltips

Here are some examples of a ClassicThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own!, CriticalCriticalThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own!, HelpHelpThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own!, InformationInformationThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own! and WarningWarningThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own! CSS powered tooltip. This is just an example of what you can do so feel free to get creative and produce your own!

Highlights

This is a highlight phrase. Use <span class="gkHighlight1">Your highlight phrase goes here!</span>.

This is a highlight phrase. Use <span class="gkHighlight2">Your highlight phrase goes here!</span>.

This is a highlight phrase. Use <span class="gkHighlight3">Your highlight phrase goes here!</span>.

This is a highlight phrase. Use <span class="gkHighlight4">Your highlight phrase goes here!</span>.

Code

Below is a sample of <pre> or <div class="gkCode1">

#wrapper {
  position: relative;
  float: left;
  display: block;
}

Below is a sample of <div class="gkCode2">

Below is a sample of <div class="gkCode3"><h4>Name of your file</h4>Here goes your code</div>

Unordered lists

Types of unordered lists

<ul class="gkBullet1"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3	<ul class="gkBullet2"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3	<ul class="gkBullet3"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3
<ul class="gkBullet4"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3	<ul class="gkCircle1"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3	<ul class="gkCircle2"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3
<ul class="gkSquare1"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3	<ul class="gkSquare2"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3	<ul class="gkSquare3"> Element 1 Element 2 Element 3

Ordered lists

Types of ordered list:

<ol class="gkRoman"> Element Element Element Element

<ol class="gkDec"> Element Element Element Element

<ol class="gkAlpha"> Element Element Element Element

<ol class="gkDecimalLeadingZero"> Element Element Element Element

<div class="gkNumber1"><p><span>here goes a number</span>and here text of element</p>

<div class="gkNumber2"><p><span>here goes a number</span>and here text of element</p>

Abbrs and acronyms

This is a sample of an abbreviation Dr. Use <abbr title="Here goes full word or phrase">here goes an abbreviation</abbr>

This is a sample of an acronym NATO. Use <acronym title="Here goes full phrase">here goes an acronym</abbr>

Definition lists

Below are samples of definition lists

<dl class="gkDef1"><dt>Here goes the word you're about to define</dt><dd>Here goes definition</dd></dl>

Butter

it is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications such as baking, sauce making, and frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins.

Dairy milk

is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including monotremes). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digest other types of food.

<dl class="gkDef2"><dt>Here goes the word you're about to define</dt><dd>Here goes definition</dd></dl>

Butter

it is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications such as baking, sauce making, and frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins.

Dairy milk

is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including monotremes). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digest other types of food.

<dl class="gkDef3"><dt>Here goes the word you're about to define</dt><dd>Here goes definition</dd></dl>

Butter

it is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications such as baking, sauce making, and frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins.

Dairy milk

is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including monotremes). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digest other types of food.

Legends

Dropcaps

This is a sample text with Dropcap. Use <p> <span class="gkDropcap1">t</span> to make the first letter larger. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend. Vivamus ullamcorper est id libero aliquam ullamcorper. Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut..</p>.

This is a sample text with Dropcap. Use <p> <span class="gkDropcap2">t</span> to make the first letter larger. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend. Vivamus ullamcorper est id libero aliquam ullamcorper. Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut..</p>.

This is a sample text with Dropcap. Use <p class="gkDropcap3"> <span class="gkDropcap3">t</span> to make the first letter larger. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend. Vivamus ullamcorper est id libero aliquam ullamcorper. Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut..</p>.

Floated blocks

Below are samples of text in which part of it is displayed in a separate block

<p> Here goes main part of the text <span class="gkBlockTextLeft">Block of text</span>rest of the text</p>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue.Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut. Morbi cursus est vel velit hendrerit dictum.

<p> Here goes main part of the text <span class="gkBlockTextRight">Block of text</span>rest of the text</p>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue.Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut. Morbi cursus est vel velit hendrerit dictum.

<p> Here goes main part of the text <span class="gkBlockTextCenter">Block of text</span>rest of the text</p>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue.Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut. Morbi cursus est vel velit hendrerit dictum.

Other span blocks

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkClear">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkClear-1">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkClear-2">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

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Table Footer (tfoot)
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Table Footer (tfoot)
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This article discusses Recital database security: from operating system file permissions through file and field protection to DES3 encryption.

Overview

A company's data is extremely valuable and must be protected, both in operation and in physical file format. Recital products provide a range of ways to protect your data.

Operating System File Permissions

The most basic level of database security is provided by the operating system. Recital database tables and indexes are individual files with their own respective operating system file permissions. Read permission is required to open a table and write permission to update a table. If a user does not have read permission they are denied access. Without write permission, a table will be opened read-only.

Here the owner, root, and members of the recital group have write permission, so can update the example table unless additional protection applies. Other users can only open the example table read-only.

# ls -l example*
-rwxrwxr-x    1 root     recital       147 Nov 29 14:27 example.dbd
-rwxrwxr-x    1 root     recital     41580 Nov 29 14:27 example.dbf
-rwxrwxr-x    1 root     recital     13312 Nov 29 14:28 example.dbt
-rwxrwxr-x    1 root     recital     19456 Nov 29 14:28 example.dbx

Note: As in the example above, a table's associated files should have the same permissions as the table itself:

File Extension	File Type
.dbd	Dictionary
.dbf	Table
.dbt	Memo
.dbx	Index

Database Dictionary

Each Recital table may have a Database Dictionary. The Dictionary can be used both to protect the integrity of the data and to protect access to the data. This section covers Column Constraints, Triggers, Security and Protection.

Column Constraints: Data Integrity

The Dictionary attributes or constraints either prevent the entry of incorrect data, e.g. must_enter and validation or aid the entry of correct data, e.g. default, picture and choicelist. The Dictionary can be modified in the character mode CREATE/MODIFY STRUCTURE worksurface, via SQL statements, or in the Recital Enterprise Studio Database Administrator.

Click image to display full size

Fig 1: MODIFY STRUCTURE Worksurface: Dictionary.

The SQL Column Constraints are as follows:

Constraint	Description
AUTO_INCREMENT | AUTOINC	Used to auto increment the value of a column.
CALCULATED	Used to calculate the value of a column.
CHECK | SET CHECK	Used to validate a change to the value of a column.
DEFAULT	Used to set a default value for the specified column.
DESCRIPTION	Used set the column description for the specified column.
ERROR	Used to define an error message to be displayed when a validation check fails.
FOREIGN KEY	Used to define a column as a Foreign Key for a parent table.
NOCPTRANS	Used to prevent code page translation for character and memo fields.
NOT NULL | NULL	Used to disallow/allow NULL values.
PRIMARY KEY	Used to define a table’s Primary Key.
RANGE	Used to specify minimum and maximum values for a date or numerical column.
RECALCULATE	Used to force recalculation of calculated columns when a column’s value changes.
REFERENCES	Used to create a relationship to an index key of another table.
UNIQUE	Used to define the column as a candidate index for the table

These can be specified in CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statements:

exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  ALTER TABLE customers ADD COLUMN timeref char(8) CHECK validtime(timeref)
  ERROR "Not a valid time string";

Click image to display full size

Fig 2: Database Administrator: Column Constraints and Attributes.

TRIGGERS

Table Level Triggers are event-driven procedures called before an I/O operation. These can be used to introduce another layer of checks before a particular operation is permitted to take place or to simply set up logging of those operations.

The CREATE/MODIFY STRUCTURE worksurface <TRIGGERS> menu bar option allows you to specify table level triggers. You may edit a trigger procedure from within the <TRIGGERS> menu by placing the cursor next to the procedure name and pressing the [HELP] key. A text window pops up for editing. If the table triggers are stored in separate <.prg> files, rather than in a procedure library, procedures need not be predefined (SET PROCEDURE) before using the table.

Click image to display full size

Fig 3: MODIFY STRUCTURE Worksurface: Triggers.

 

The following triggers can be selected and associated with a specified procedure name in the <TRIGGERS> menu.

Trigger	Description
UPDATE	The specified procedure is called prior to an update operation on the table. If the procedure returns .F., then the UPDATE is canceled.
DELETE	The specified procedure is called prior to a delete operation on the table. If the procedure returns .F., then the DELETE is canceled.
APPEND	The specified procedure is called prior to an append operation on the table. If the procedure returns .F., then the APPEND is canceled.
OPEN	The specified procedure is called after an open operation on the table.
CLOSE	The specified procedure is called prior to a close operation on the table.
ROLLBACK	The specified procedure is called when a user presses the [ABANDON] key in a forms based operation.

The Recital Enterprise Studio Database Administrator also allows you to associate existing programs as Table Trigger Procedures.

Click image to display full size

Fig 4: Database Administrator: Triggers.

 

Programmatically, Trigger Procedures can also be associated with a table using SQL. The following table constraints may be applied in the SQL CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements:

Trigger	Description
ONUPDATE	The specified procedure is called prior to an update operation on the table. If the procedure returns .F., then the UPDATE is canceled. e.g. SQL> ALTER TABLE customer modify ONUPDATE "p_update";
ONDELETE	The specified procedure is called prior to a delete operation on the table. If the procedure returns .F., then the DELETE is canceled. e.g. SQL> ALTER TABLE customer modify ONDELETE "p_delete";
ONINSERT	The specified procedure is called prior to an insert operation on the table. If the procedure returns .F., then the INSERT is canceled. e.g. SQL> ALTER TABLE customer modify ONINSERT "p_insert";
ONOPEN	The specified procedure is called after an open operation on the table. e.g. SQL> ALTER TABLE customer modify ONOPEN "p_open";
ONCLOSE	The specified procedure is called prior to a close operation on the table. e.g. SQL> ALTER TABLE customer modify ONCLOSE "p_close";
ONROLLBACK	The specified procedure is called when a user presses the [ABANDON] key in a forms based operation. e.g. SQL> ALTER TABLE customer modify ONROLLBACK "p_rollback";

SECURITY

As mentioned above, all Recital files are subject to Operating System read and write permissions. These permissions can be further refined, while still using the Operating System user and group IDs, in the Security and Protection sections of the Dictionary. The Security section handles table based operations and the Protection section focuses on individual fields.

Security and Protection rules can be defined in the CREATE/MODIFY STRUCTURE worksurface of Recital Terminal Developer, via the SQL GRANT and REVOKE statements or in the Recital Enterprise Studio Database Administrator.

Click image to display full size

Fig 5: MODIFY STRUCTURE Worksurface: Security.

 

The Security section has table operations for which Access Control Strings can be specified. An Access Control String (ACS) is a range of valid user identification codes, and is used to restrict table operations to certain individuals or groups. Each user on the system is allocated a group number and a user number. The user identification code is the combination of group and user numbers. When constructing an Access Control String of linked user identification codes, wild card characters may be used.

Example ACS	Description
[1,2]	In group 1, user 2
[100,*]	In group 100, all users
[2-7,*]	In groups 2-7, all users
[*,100-200]	In all groups, users 100-200
[1,*]&[2-7,1-7]	In group 1, all users, in groups 2-7, users 1-7

Please note that the maximum ACS length is 254 characters. OpenVMS group and user numbers are stored and specified in octal. On other Operating Systems, group and user numbers are stored and specified in decimal.

Access Control Strings may be associated with the following operations:

Operation	Description
READONLY	Users specified in the ACS have read-only access to the table. All other users have update access.
UPDATE	Users specified in the ACS have update access to the table. All other users are restricted to read-only access.
APPEND	Users specified in the ACS can append records into the table. No other users can append.
DELETE	Users specified in the ACS can delete records from the table. No other users can delete.
COPY	Users specified in the ACS can copy records from the table. No other users can copy.
ADMIN	Users specified in the ACS can use the following commands: SET DICTIONARY TO MODIFY STRUCTURE PACK ZAP REINDEX All other users cannot, except the creator of the table, who is always granted ADMIN access.

The corresponding SQL privileges are:

Operation	Description
SELECT	Users specified in the ACS may name any column in a SELECT statement. All other users have update access.
UPDATE	Users specified in the ACS may name any column in an UPDATE statement. All other users are restricted to read-only access.
INSERT	Users specified in the ACS can INSERT rows into the table. No other users can INSERT.
DELETE	Users specified in the ACS can DELETE rows from the table. No other users can DELETE.
ALTER	Users specified in the ACS can use the ALTER TABLE statement on this table.
READONLY	Users specified in the ACS may read any column in a SELECT statement. All other users have update access.

// Grant insert privilege for the customer table
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  GRANT UPDATE (lastname, firstname)
  INSERT ON customers
  TO '[20,100]'; 
	
// Grant all privileges to all users
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  GRANT ALL 
  ON shippers TO PUBLIC;

PROTECTION

Security and Protection rules can be defined in the CREATE/MODIFY STRUCTURE worksurface of Recital Terminal Developer, via the SQL GRANT and REVOKE statements or in the Recital Enterprise Studio Database Administrator.

Click image to display full size

Fig 6: Database Administrator: Protection.

 

The format of the ACS is the same as in <SECURITY> above. The following protection can be defined:

Operation	Description
READONLY	Users specified in the ACS have read-only access to the field. All other users have update access.
UPDATE	Users specified in the ACS have update access to the field. All other users are restricted to read-only access.

Recital Terminal Developer also has 'HIDDEN' Protection:

Operation	Description
HIDDEN	Users specified in the ACS see the 'hiddenfield'character rather than the data in the field. All other users see the data.

Hidden fields can be accessed and viewed on a work surface, but the field contains the hiddenfield character, ‘?’. If the field is referenced in an expression, it will contain the following: blanks for character fields, ‘F’ for logical fields, 00/00/0000 for date fields and blank for memo fields.

The corresponding SQL privileges are:

Operation	Description
SELECT	Users specified in the ACS may name the column in a SELECT statement. All other users have update access.
UPDATE	Users specified in the ACS may name the column in an UPDATE statement. All other users are restricted to read-only access.
READONLY	Users specified in the ACS may read the column in a SELECT statement. All other users have update access.

// Grant update privilege for columns lastname and firstname from the customer table
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  GRANT UPDATE (lastname, firstname)
  customers TO '[20,100]';

Encryption

From Recital 8.5 onwards, Recital installations that have the additional DES3 license option have the ability to encrypt the data held in Recital database tables. Once a database table has been encrypted, the data cannot be accessed unless the correct three-part encryption key is specified, providing additional security for sensitive data.

ENCRYPT

The ENCRYPT Recital 4GL command is used to encrypt the data in the specified table or tables matching a skeleton. If the skeleton syntax is used, then all matching tables will be given the same encryption key. The encryption key is a three part comma-separated key and may optionally be enclosed in angled brackets. Each part of the key can be a maximum of 8 characters. The key is DES3 encrypted and stored in a .dkf file with the same basename as the table. After encryption, the three parts of the key must be specified correctly before the table can be accessed.

// Encrypt individual tables
encrypt customers key "key_1,key_2,key_3"
encrypt employees key "<key_1,key_2,key_3>"

// Encrypt all .dbf files in the directory
encrypt *.dbf key "key_1,key_2,key_3"

SET ENCRYPTION

If a database table is encrypted, the correct three-part encryption key must be specified before the table's data or structure can be accessed. The SET ENCRYPTION TO set command can be used to specify a default encryption key to be used whenever an encrypted table is accessed without the key being specified. The encryption key is a three part comma-separated key.

If the command to access the table includes the key, either by appending it to the table filename specification or using an explicit clause, this will take precedence over the key defined by SET ENCRYPTION TO.

Issuing SET ENCRYPTION TO without a key causes any previous setting to be cleared. The key must then be specified for each individual encrypted table.

The default key defined by SET ENCRYPTION is only active when SET ENCRYPTION is ON. SET ENCRYPTION OFF can be used to temporarily disable the default key. The SET ENCRYPTION ON | OFF setting does not change the default key itself. SET ENCRYPTION is ON by default.

// Encrypt individual tables
encrypt customers key "key_1,key_2,key_3"
encrypt shippers key "key_2,key_3,key_4"
// Specify a default encryption key
set encryption to "key_1,key_2,key_3"
// Open customers table using the default encryption key
use customers
// Specify shippers table's encryption key
use shippers<key_2,key_3,key_4>
// Disable the default encryption key
set encryption to
// Specify the individual encryption keys
use customers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"
use shippers<key_2,key_3,key_4>

DECRYPT

The DECRYPT command is used to decrypt the data in the specified table or tables matching a skeleton. The specified key must contain the three part comma-separated key used to previously encrypt the table and may optionally be enclosed in angled brackets. The skeleton syntax can only be used if all tables matching the skeletonhave the same key.

The DECRYPT command decrypts the data and removes the table’s .dkf file. After decryption, the key need no longer be specified to gain access to the table.

// Decrypt individual tables
decrypt customers key "key_1,key_2,key_3"
decrypt employees key "<key_1,key_2,key_3>"

// Decrypt all .dbf files in the directory
decrypt *.dbf key "key_1,key_2,key_3"

All of the following commands are affected when a table is encrypted:

• APPEND FROM
• COPY FILE
• COPY STRUCTURE
• COPY TO
• DIR
• USE
• SQL INSERT
• SQL SELECT
• SQL UPDATE

APPEND FROM

Used to append records to the active table from another table.

// The key must be specified for an encrypted source table
use mycustomers
append from customers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3";
for country = "UK"

COPY FILE

Used to copy a file.

// The key file must also be copied for an encrypted source table
// as the target table will be encrypted
encrypt customers key "key_1,key_2,key_3"
copy file customers.dbf to newcustomers.dbf
copy file customers.dkf to newcustomers.dkf
use newcustomers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"

COPY STRUCTURE

Used to copy a table's structure to a new table.

// The key file is automatically copied for an encrypted source table
// and the target table encrypted
encrypt customers key "key_1,key_2,key_3"
use customers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"
copy structure to blankcust
use blankcust encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"

COPY TO

Used to copy a table.

// By default, the key file is automatically copied for an encrypted
// source table and the target table encrypted with the same key
encrypt customers key "key_1,key_2,key_3"
use customers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"
copy to newcustomers
use newcustomers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"

// You can also create a copy with a different key
encrypt customers key "key_1,key_2,key_3"
use customers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"
copy to newcustomers encrypt "newkey_1,newkey_2,newkey_3"
use newcustomers encryption "newkey_1,newkey_2,newkey_3"

// Or create a decrypted copy
encrypt customers key "key_1,key_2,key_3"
use customers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"
copy to newcustomers decrypt
use newcustomers

// You can also create an encrypted copy of a non-encrypted source table
use orders
copy to encorders encrypt "newkey_1,newkey_2,newkey_3"
use encorders encryption "newkey_1,newkey_2,newkey_3"

DIR

Used to display a directory listing of tables.

// Encrypted tables are flagged as such with (DES3)
> open database southwind
> dir

Current database: southwind
Tables				# Records		Last Update	Size		Dictionary	Triggers	Security
categories.dbf			8			01/10/06		24576	None		None		None
cisamdemo.dbf       ---> CISAM/Bridge        [cisamdemo]
customers.dbf (DES3)		91			05/12/04		49600	None		None		None
employees.dbf			9			05/12/04		25520	None		None		None
example.dbf   (DES3)		100			12/24/05		38080	Yes		Yes		None
order_details.dbf			2155			05/12/04		296320	None		None		None
orders.dbf				829			05/12/04		232704	None		None		None
products.dbf			77			05/12/04		37112	None		None		None
productsbyname.dbf		77			05/12/04		29104	None		None		None
shippers.dbf  (DES3)		3			05/12/04		20864	None		None		None
suppliers.dbf			29			12/08/05		29992	Yes		None		None

   0.765 MB in 11 files.
   1.093 GB remaining on drive.

USE

Used to open a table.

// The three part key must be specified to open an
// encrypted table.  All of the following are valid.
// 1. Specifying a default encryption key before opening the table
set encryption to "key_1,key_2,key_3"
use customers
// 2. Appending the key to the filename
use customers<key_1,key_2,key_3>
// 3. Using the ENCRYPTION clause, optionally specifying angled brackets
use customers encryption "key_1,key_2,key_3"
use customers encryption "<key_1,key_2,key_3>"

SQL INSERT

Used to add a row to a table via SQL.

// The three part key can be specified using a
// default encryption key before opening the table
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  SET ENCRYPTION TO "key_1,key_2,key_3";
exec sql
  INSERT INTO customers
  (customerid, companyname)
  VALUES
  ('RECIT','Recital Corporation');
// Or by appending the key to the filename
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  INSERT INTO customers<key_1,key_2,key_3>
  (customerid, companyname)
  VALUES
  ('RECIT','Recital Corporation');

SQL SELECT

Used to return data from a table via SQL.

// The three part key can be specified using a
// default encryption key before opening the table
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  SET ENCRYPTION TO "key_1,key_2,key_3";
exec sql
  SELECT * FROM customers;
// Or by appending the key to the filename
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  SELECT * FROM customers<key_1,key_2,key_3>;

SQL UPDATE

Used to update data in a table via SQL.

// The three part key can be specified using a
// default encryption key before opening the table
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  SET ENCRYPTION TO "key_1,key_2,key_3";
exec sql
  UPDATE customers
  SET companyname='Recital Corporation Inc.'
  WHERE customerid='RECIT';
// Or by appending the key to the filename
exec sql
  OPEN DATABASE southwind;
exec sql
  UPDATE customers<key_1,key_2,key_3>
  SET companyname='Recital Corporation Inc.'
  WHERE customerid='RECIT';

Summary

Recital offers a range of ways to keep your data secure. These start with the Operating System read/write permissions, which can be further refined to the level of table I/O operations and then field access in the Dictionary based Security and Protection rules. The Dictionary also provides the means to protect the integrity of the data via data validation and to assist in correct data entry through the use of choicelists, help messages and picture clauses etc. A further role of the Dictionary is in the provision of Table Triggers, which can be used to enable a programmatic response to table operations to add in additional checks or audit trails. For the most sensitive data, DES3 encryption is the ultimate protection: encrypting the physical data on the disk and only permitting table access on the production of the three part encryption key.