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This article talks about the log files available in Recital products and how to enable logging when required.

Overview

When discussing a problem with the Recital Support Team, one of the most common requests is that you enable logging and send them the log files produced. Log files along with error files are designed to provide detailed information about Recital processes and the prevailing environment and can be a fast-track to resolving a problem.

Log Files

There are three main types of log file:

  1. System Log
  2. Client/Server Communication Logs
  3. Custom Logs

System Log

The System log is a system-wide  all product log.  It tracks all login and logout operations from either Recital or the Recital Server. Logout details include the exit code: 0 for an error-free, 'normal' exit and the error number and message when an error has occurred. It also shows the licenses that have been loaded and any license error codes and messages. The system log filename is recital.log.
 

Client/Server Communication Logs

The Client/Server communication logs track the requests and responses between the Recital Server and its clients. The log files are as follows:


Filename Type Description

dbserver.log

System-wide

The Recital Server startup log. This logs any problems with the Recital Server startup.

port.log

System-wide

The port listener log. The port listener (or portserver) listens on port 8001 for client connection requests and spawns the appropriate server process.

net.log

Connection

The netserver log. The netserver is the Recital Server database and 4GL engine.

rsi.log

Connection

The Recital Server Interface (RSI) Gateway log. This logs communication with the Database Gateways to SQL databases.

rec.log

Connection

The Recital Database Gateway log. The Recital Database Gateway (or recserver) is the SQL database engine for Recital Gateway data access.

mys.log

Connection

The MySQL Database Gateway log.

ora.log

Connection

The Oracle Database Gateway log.

inf.log

Connection

The Informix Database Gateway log.

ing.log

Connection

The Ingres Database Gateway log.

pos.log

Connection

The PostgreSQL Database Gateway log.

jdb.log

Connection

The JDBC Driver Database Gateway log.


Custom Logs

The Recital/4GL USERLOG() function can be used to log information to a user-specific log file for debugging or audit trail purposes. For full information on this function, please see the USERLOG() documentation.

Enabling Log Files

For instructions on enabling log files for individual products, please follow these links:

Enabling Log Files: Recital Server for Windows

To enable the system log file for the Recital Universal Application Server for Windows, include the following command in the UAS\config.db file:

set syslogging on

The Recital Server Manager System Logging tab allows for the viewing and resetting of the System log.

Section

Item

Description

System Logging

DateTime

Date and time stamp of the action.

Name

Login name used by connection

Action

Action logged: Login, Logoff, Errot

Details

Details of action

Buttons

Purge

Allows the log file to be reset

Refresh

Refreshes the display

To set up Client/Server logging, use the Recital Server Manager Settings tab to update the server's Registry entries:

The following Log file settings can be configured:

Item

Description

Log files Directory Path

Enter the directory in which log files will be created. The default is the UAS\log directory.

Enabled

Check to enable log file creation.

Versions

Check to enable log file versioning.

Listener

Click to view the current port listener log file

Server

Click to view the current netserver log file

Purge

Click to purge all log files

Enabling Log Files: Recital Server for Linux

To enable the system log file for the Recital Server for Linux, include the following command in the conf/config.db file:

set syslogging on

To set up Client/Server logging, the Recital Server can be started with the 'logging' parameter, in which case, all relevant logging will take place.

# service startup logging<

Alternatively, one or more of the following environment variables can be added to the dbserver.conf file or set at the Operating System prompt.  The Recital Server must be restarted before environment variable changes will be recognized.  Each environment variable should be set to the name of a log file.

Environment Variable

Logs Activity of...

UASLOG_PORT

Port Server (db_rsiserver)

UASLOG_NET

(Net) Server (db_netserver)

UASLOG_ORA

Oracle Server (db_oraserver)

UASLOG_INF

Informix Server (db_infserver)

UASLOG_ING

Ingres Server (db_ingserver)

UASLOG_JDB

JDBC Server (db_jdbserver)

UASLOG_REC

Recital Server (db_recserver)

Extract from recital.conf:

UASLOG_PORT="port.log" ; export UASLOG_PORT
UASLOG_NET="net.log"   ; export UASLOG_NET
UASLOG_ORA="ora.log"  ; export UASLOG_ORA
UASLOG_INF="inf.log"     ; export UASLOG_INF
UASLOG_ING="ing.log"   ; export UASLOG_ING
UASLOG_JDB="jdb.log"   ; export UASLOG_JDB
UASLOG_REC="rec.log"   ; export UASLOG_REC
DB_LOGDIR

If the environment variable DB_LOGDIR is set to an existing directory, all log files will be written to this directory.  If not, the log files will be created in the bin directory.

DB_LOGDIR is set in the conf/recital.conf file. By default it is set to the log directory:

DB_LOGDIR=${ROI_ROOT}log/           ; export DB_LOGDIR
DB_LOGVER

If the environment variable DB_LOGVER is greater than 0, version numbers are added to the file names.  For example, the activity of the first Net Server process will be logged to net.log, the second to net001.log, the third to net002.log etc. up to the maximum value of DB_LOGVER.

DB_LOGVER is set in the conf/recital.conf file:

DB_LOGVER=10; export DB_LOGVER

Enabling Log Files: Recital Server for UNIX

To enable the system log file for the Recital Server for UNIX, include the following command in the conf/config.db file:

set syslogging on

To set up Client/Server logging, the Recital Server can be started with the 'logging' parameter, in which case, all relevant logging will take place.

# service startup logging

Alternatively, one or more of the following environment variables can be added to the <em>dbserver.conf</em> file or set at the Operating System prompt.  The Recital Server must be restarted before environment variable changes will be recognized.  Each environment variable should be set to the name of a log file.

Environment Variable

Logs Activity of...

UASLOG_PORT

Port Server (db_rsiserver)

UASLOG_NET

(Net) Server (db_netserver)

UASLOG_ORA

Oracle Server (db_oraserver)

UASLOG_INF

Informix Server (db_infserver)

UASLOG_ING

Ingres Server (db_ingserver)

UASLOG_JDB

JDBC Server (db_jdbserver)

UASLOG_REC

Recital Server (db_recserver)

Extract from recital.conf:

UASLOG_PORT="port.log" ; export UASLOG_PORT
UASLOG_NET="net.log"   ; export UASLOG_NET
UASLOG_ORA="ora.log"  ; export UASLOG_ORA
UASLOG_INF="inf.log"     ; export UASLOG_INF
UASLOG_ING="ing.log"   ; export UASLOG_ING
UASLOG_JDB="jdb.log"   ; export UASLOG_JDB
UASLOG_REC="rec.log"   ; export UASLOG_REC
DB_LOGDIR

If the environment variable DB_LOGDIR is set to an existing directory, all log files will be written to this directory.  If not, the log files will be created in the bin directory.

DB_LOGDIR is set in the conf/recital.conf file. By default it is set to the log directory:

DB_LOGDIR=${DB_ROOT}log/           ; export DB_LOGDIR
DB_LOGVER

If the environment variable DB_LOGVER is greater than 0, version numbers are added to the file names.  For example, the activity of the first Net Server process will be logged to net.log, the second to net001.log, the third to net002.log etc. up to the maximum value of DB_LOGVER.

DB_LOGVER is set in the conf/recital.conf file:

DB_LOGVER=10; export DB_LOGVER

Enabling Log Files: Recital Universal Application Server for OpenVMS

To enable the system log file for the Recital Universal Application Server for OpenVMS, include the following command in the db_uas:config.db file:

set syslogging on

To set up Client/Server logging, one or more of the following symbols can be added to the <em>db_uas:login.com</em> file.  The Recital Server must be restarted before symbol changes will be recognized.  Each symbol should be set to the name of a log file.

Symbol

Logs Activity of…

UASLOG_PORT

Port Server (db_rsiserver)

UASLOG_NET

(Net) Server (db_netserver)

UASLOG_ORA

Oracle Server (db_oraserver)

UASLOG_INF

Informix Server (db_infserver)

UASLOG_ING

Ingres Server (db_ingserver)

UASLOG_JDB

JDBC Server (db_jdbserver)

UASLOG_REC

Recital Server (db_recserver)

Extract from db_uas:login.com

$ uaslog_port :==  port.log
$ uaslog_net  :==  net.log
$ uaslog_ora  :==  ora.log
$ uaslog_inf  :==  inf.log
$ uaslog_ing  :==  ing.log
$ uaslog_jdb  :==  jdb.log
$ uaslog_rec  :==  rec.log
DB_LOGDIR

If the symbol DB_LOGDIR is set to an existing directory, all log files will be written to this directory.  If not, the log files will be created in the UAS directory.

DB_LOGDIR is set in the db_uas:login.com file. By default it is set to the UAS.log] directory:

$db_logdir    :== 'db_root'.log]               ! system logging directory
DB_LOGVER

If the symbol DB_LOGVER is enabled, version numbers are added to the file names. For example, the activity of the first Net Server process will be logged to net.log, the second to net001.log, the third to net002.log etc.

DB_LOGVER is set in the db_uas:login.com file:

$db_logver  :== true                           ! enable multiple log files

Enabling Log Files: Recital for Linux

To enable the system log file for Recital for Linux, include the following command in the conf/config.db file:

set syslogging on

Enabling Log Files: Recital for UNIX

To enable the system log file for Recital for UNIX, include the following command in the conf/config.db file:

set syslogging on

Enabling Log Files: Recital for OpenVMS

To enable the system log file for Recital for OpenVMS, include the following command in the db_ovd:config.db file:

set syslogging on

In Brief

  • Log files provide important information to aid problem resolution, but they are also an overhead, so logging should only be enabled when required, not in normal production operation.
  • The System log provides a system-wide view of logins, exits and error codes.
  • The System log can be viewed in table format via the SYSLOGGING System Table.
  • The System log is enabled using the SET SYSLOGGING ON Recital/4GL command in the conf/config.db file.
  • Client/Server logs provide detailed information on client/server requests and responses.
  • Client/Server logs are enabled using environment variables, symbols or Registry entries or by specifying the 'logging' parameter when starting the Recital Server.
  • The location of log files is determined by the DB_LOGDIR setting.
  • Versioning of log files is determined by the DB_LOGVER setting.
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In this article Chris Mavin, explains and details how to Store and Retrieve Binary Objects in a Recital Database.
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It would appear that gigabit LAN is not! In fact it often runs at the same speed as 100Mbps LAN. Let's look at why exactly.

After configuring your network you can use the ifconfig command to see what speeds the LAN is connected. Even though 1000Mbps is reported by the card, the reality is that the overall throughtput may well be ~100Mpbs. You can try copying a large file using scp to demonstrate this.

As it turns out, in order to use a gigabit LAN you need to use CAT6 cables. CAT5 and CAT5E are not good enough. End result, the ethernet cards throttle back the speed to reduce dropped packets and errors.

You can find a good article here titled Squeeze Your Gigabit NIC for Top Performance. After tuning up the TCP parameters i found that it made no dfifference. The principal reasons behind low gigabit ethernet performance can be summed up as follows.

  1. Need to use CAT6 cables
  2. Slow Disk speed
  3. Limitations of the PCI bus which the gigabit ethernet cards use

You can get an idea about the disk speed using the hdparm command:

Display the disk partitions and choose the main linux partition which has the / filesystem.

# fdisk -l


Then get disk cache and disk read statistics:

# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda0


On my desktop system the sata disk perfomance is a limiting factor. These were the results:

/dev/sda1:
Timing cached reads:   9984 MB in  2.00 seconds = 4996.41 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads:   84 MB in  3.13 seconds =  58.49 MB/sec

Well, that equates to a raw disk read speed of 58.49 * 8 = 467Mbps which is half the speed of a gigabit LAN.

So.. NAS storage with lots of memory looks to be the way to go... If you use the right cables!


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Warnings

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This is a sample telephone message. Use <p class="gkTelephoneIs3">Your telephone message goes here!</p>.

Tooltips

Here are some examples of a ClassicThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own!, CriticalCriticalThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own!, HelpHelpThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own!, InformationInformationThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own! and WarningWarningThis is just an example of what you can do using a CSS tooltip, feel free to get creative and produce your own! CSS powered tooltip. This is just an example of what you can do so feel free to get creative and produce your own!

Highlights

This is a highlight phrase. Use <span class="gkHighlight1">Your highlight phrase goes here!</span>.

This is a highlight phrase. Use <span class="gkHighlight2">Your highlight phrase goes here!</span>.

This is a highlight phrase. Use <span class="gkHighlight3">Your highlight phrase goes here!</span>.

This is a highlight phrase. Use <span class="gkHighlight4">Your highlight phrase goes here!</span>.

Code

Below is a sample of <pre> or <div class="gkCode1">

#wrapper {
position: relative;
float: left;
display: block;
}

Below is a sample of <div class="gkCode2">

#wrapper {
position: relative;
float: left;
display: block;
}

Below is a sample of <div class="gkCode3"><h4>Name of your file</h4>Here goes your code</div>



File

#wrapper {
position: relative;
float: left;
display: block;
}

Unordered lists

Types of unordered lists

<ul class="gkBullet1">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

<ul class="gkBullet2">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

<ul class="gkBullet3">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

<ul class="gkBullet4">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

<ul class="gkCircle1">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

<ul class="gkCircle2">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

<ul class="gkSquare1">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

<ul class="gkSquare2">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

<ul class="gkSquare3">

  • Element 1
  • Element 2
  • Element 3

Ordered lists

Types of ordered list:

<ol class="gkRoman">

  1. Element
  2. Element
  3. Element
  4. Element

<ol class="gkDec">

  1. Element
  2. Element
  3. Element
  4. Element

<ol class="gkAlpha">

  1. Element
  2. Element
  3. Element
  4. Element

<ol class="gkDecimalLeadingZero">

  1. Element
  2. Element
  3. Element
  4. Element

<div class="gkNumber1"><p><span>here goes a number</span>and here text of element</p>

01 Element

02 Element

<div class="gkNumber2"><p><span>here goes a number</span>and here text of element</p>

01 Element

02 Element

Abbrs and acronyms

This is a sample of an abbreviation Dr. Use <abbr title="Here goes full word or phrase">here goes an abbreviation</abbr>

This is a sample of an acronym NATO. Use <acronym title="Here goes full phrase">here goes an acronym</abbr>

Definition lists

Below are samples of definition lists

<dl class="gkDef1"><dt>Here goes the word you're about to define</dt><dd>Here goes definition</dd></dl>

Butter
it is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications such as baking, sauce making, and frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins.
Dairy milk
is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including monotremes). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digest other types of food.

<dl class="gkDef2"><dt>Here goes the word you're about to define</dt><dd>Here goes definition</dd></dl>

Butter
it is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications such as baking, sauce making, and frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins.
Dairy milk
is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including monotremes). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digest other types of food.

<dl class="gkDef3"><dt>Here goes the word you're about to define</dt><dd>Here goes definition</dd></dl>

Butter
it is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications such as baking, sauce making, and frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins.
Dairy milk
is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including monotremes). It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digest other types of food.

Legends

Legend

This is a sample legend note. Use <div class="gkLegend1"> <h4> Title </h4> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div>.

Legend

This is a sample legend note. Use <div class="gkLegend2"> <h4> Title </h4> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div>.

Legend

This is a sample legend note. Use <div class="gkLegend3"> <h4> Title </h4> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div>.

Legend

This is a sample legend note. Use <div class="gkLegend4"> <h4> Title </h4> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div>.

Legend

This is a sample legend note. Use <div class="gkLegend5"> <h4> Title </h4> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div>.

Legend

This is a sample legend note. Use <div class="gkLegend6"> <h4> Title </h4> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div>.

Legend

This is a sample legend note. Use <div class="gkLegend7"> <h4> Title </h4> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> </div>.

Dropcaps

This is a sample text with Dropcap. Use <p> <span class="gkDropcap1">t</span> to make the first letter larger. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend. Vivamus ullamcorper est id libero aliquam ullamcorper. Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut..</p>.

This is a sample text with Dropcap. Use <p> <span class="gkDropcap2">t</span> to make the first letter larger. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend. Vivamus ullamcorper est id libero aliquam ullamcorper. Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut..</p>.

This is a sample text with Dropcap. Use <p class="gkDropcap3"> <span class="gkDropcap3">t</span> to make the first letter larger. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend. Vivamus ullamcorper est id libero aliquam ullamcorper. Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut..</p>.

Floated blocks

Below are samples of text in which part of it is displayed in a separate block

<p> Here goes main part of the text <span class="gkBlockTextLeft">Block of text</span>rest of the text</p>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue.Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut. Morbi cursus est vel velit hendrerit dictum.

<p> Here goes main part of the text <span class="gkBlockTextRight">Block of text</span>rest of the text</p>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue.Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut. Morbi cursus est vel velit hendrerit dictum.

<p> Here goes main part of the text <span class="gkBlockTextCenter">Block of text</span>rest of the text</p>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue. Duis quis quam sed purus porta eleifend.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum condimentum pulvinar justo, sed faucibus ligula feugiat ac. Morbi quis enim nulla, vel congue augue.Donec eget dignissim augue. Donec ante felis, aliquam ut consequat eget, lobortis dapibus risus. Aliquam laoreet enim et lectus ornare hendrerit. Aliquam rhoncus enim libero. Morbi aliquam, nibh mattis feugiat dapibus, nisi massa adipiscing justo, sit amet condimentum urna ipsum et lacus. Nam fermentum, eros quis ullamcorper convallis, libero mauris lacinia eros, sed tempus leo lorem vitae purus. Nunc a malesuada felis. Cras ultrices sapien eu nisi elementum non blandit urna sodales. Duis accumsan cursus massa, eu facilisis diam porta ut. Morbi cursus est vel velit hendrerit dictum.

Other span blocks

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkClear">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkClear-1">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkClear-2">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkColor">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkColor-1">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkColor-2">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkColor-3">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkColor-4">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkColor-5">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkColor-6">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

This is a sample pin note. Use <span class="gkColor-7">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer urna. Aenean tristique. Fusce a neque. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. </span>

Blockquotes

This is a sample quote text. Use < blockquote > Your quoted text goes here!< /blockquote >
This is a sample quote text. Use< blockquote><div class="gkBlockquote1"><div> Your quoted text goes here!< /div>< /div>< /blockquote >
This is a sample quote text. Use< blockquote><div class="gkBlockquote2"><div> Your quoted text goes here!< /div>< /div>< /blockquote >
This is a sample quote text. Use< blockquote><div class="gkBlockquote3"><div> Your quoted text goes here!< /div>< /div>< /blockquote >
This is a sample quote text. Use< blockquote><div class="gkBlockquote4"><div> Your quoted text goes here!< /div>< /div>< /blockquote >

Tables

Table Header (thead)
Table Footer (tfoot)
Column 1 Column 2
Cell 3 - part of tbody Cell 4 - part of tbody
Cell 5 - part of tbody Cell 6 - part of tbody
Cell 7 - part of tbody Cell 8 - part of tbody

Table Header (thead)
Table Footer (tfoot)
Column 1 Column 2
Cell 1 - part of tbody Cell 2 - part of tbody
Cell 3 - part of tbody Cell 4 - part of tbody
Cell 5 - part of tbody Cell 6 - part of tbody

 

 

Template additional styles

In order to get the video you have to use code like this:


<a class="gk_video_frame" href="http://www.vimeo.com/16274294" rel="mediabox[720 410]">
    <img src="/images/stories/demo/demo_video_1.png" border="0" alt="Video 1" />
    <span class="gk_vframe">Frame</span> 
    <span class="gk_voverlay">Overlay</span> 
    Watch the video 
</a>

As a href attribute you set the video address. In the rel attribute you can specify the video size. Image element is the thumbnail in the frame.

You can also create a blocks with icons. The structure is always similar - you have to change only second class near gk_block:


<div class="gk_block tablet">
<h3><a href="#">Mobile Ready</a></h3>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum</p>
</div>

Available blocks styles with classes:

android

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

blackberry

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

calendar

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

chat

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

clock

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

cog

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

firefox

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

info

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

mac

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

mail

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

mobilephone

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

phone

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

recycledbag

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

shoppingcart

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

tablet

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

user

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras quis erat elit. Donec pretium condimentum

Published in Blogs
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The best way to learn Recital is to build some applications. The developers of Recital have written a book "Recital Essentials" which you can read here.
Published in Blogs
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Opening SSH to the outside world is a security risk. Here is how to restrict SSH access to certain IP addresses on a machine.

  1. Edit the /etc/hosts.allow file to include these lines, assuming your machine is on the 192.168.2.x nonrouting IP block, and you want to enable an external address of 217.40.111.121 IP block: Remember to add the period on the end of each incomplete IP number. If you have another complete IP address or range, add a space and that range on the end.

    sshd,sshdfwd-X11: 192.168.2. 217.40.111.121
  2. Edit your /etc/hosts.deny file to include this line:

    sshd,sshdfwd-X11:ALL 
  3. These lines refuse SSH connections from anyone not in the IP address blocks listed.

Additionally you can restrict SSH access by username.

  1. Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and add the following lines

    PermitRootLogin no
    AllowUsers      user1 user2 user3 etc
    PasswordAuthentication yes

Now restart the ssh daemon for these changes to take effect

service sshd restart




Published in Blogs
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This article discusses the features in Recital that allow data to be imported and exported between platforms in Microsoft® ADO XML Format.

Overview

Extensible Markup Language, XML, is widely regarded as a lingua franca for the interchange of data. XML's text-based, platform-independent format and its integration of data and the schema to define and describe that data, make it the ideal import/export medium. Recital software provides the functionality to output the data from Recital - and other supported table formats such as FoxPro and FoxBASE - into XML file format and to import XML data into those tables' formats. Such import/export operations provide the means to exchange data with third-party applications and can also facilitate the transfer of data between Recital installations on binary-incompatible platforms.

The features examined in this article are available in Recital Terminal Developer and in the Recital Mirage and Recital Database Servers on all Recital supported platforms. Both the Recital/4GL and Recital/SQL provide XML import and export capabilities. The XML files discussed are in Microsoft® ADO XML format.

Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects XML Format

The ADO XML format is primarily designed for ADO Recordset persistence and ADO XML files created by Recital can be used in this way and loaded directly into ADO Recordsets. The format can, though also be used for more generic data transfer. An ADO XML file is self-contained, consisting of two sections: a schema section followed by a data section. The schema conforms to the W3C XML-Data specification and defines the data structure.
For additional information on the Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects XML Format, please see Appendix 1.

NOTE: The Recital XMLFORMAT setting should always be in its default setting of ADO for ADO XML Format operations.

set xmlformat to ADO

SQL

Recital/SQL offers the ability to export data into XML files using the SELECT and FETCH statements and import from XML using the CREATE TABLE and INSERT statements.

SQL: Exporting

The SELECT...SAVE AS XML statement allows the complete result set from a SELECT statement to be saved as an XML file. This could be a complete table:

open database southwind
  SELECT * from orders SAVE AS XML orders.xml

or a more complex multi-table query:

open database southwind
SELECT orders.orderid, orders.customerid,;
    employees.employeeid, employees.lastname, employees.firstname,;
    orders.orderdate, orders.freight, orders.requireddate,;
    orders.shippeddate, orders.shipvia, orders.shipname,;
    orders.shipaddress, orders.shipcity,;
    orders.shipregion, orders.shippostalcode, orders.shipcountry,;
    customers.companyname, customers.address, customers.city,;
    customers.region, customers.postalcode, customers.country; 
    FROM orders INNER JOIN customers;
    ON customers.customerid = orders.customerid,;
    orders INNER JOIN employees;
    ON orders.employeeid = employees.employeeid;
    SAVE AS XML orderinfo

The resulting XML file can then be further processed within the same or a different Recital environment or transferred to a third party product.

<x-ml xmlns:z="#RowsetSchema" xmlns:rs="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:rowset"
 xmlns:dt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882" xmlns:s="uuid:BDC6E3F0-6DA3-11d1-A2A3-
00AA00C14882">
 <s:schema id="RowsetSchema">
  <s:elementtype rs:updatable="true" content="eltOnly" name="row">
   <s:attributetype rs:basecolumn="orderid" rs:basetable="orders.dbf" rs:write="true"
 rs:nullable="true" rs:number="1" name="orderid">
   <s:datatype rs:fixedlength="true" rs:precision="14" rs:scale="0" dt:maxlength="10"
 rs:dbtype="numeric" dt:type="number">
   </s:datatype></s:attributetype>
   <s:attributetype rs:basecolumn="customerid" rs:basetable="orders.dbf" rs:write="true"
 rs:nullable="true" rs:number="2" name="customerid">
   <s:datatype rs:fixedlength="true" dt:maxlength="5" rs:dbtype="str" dt:type="string">
   </s:datatype></s:attributetype>
   <s:attributetype rs:basecolumn="employeeid" rs:basetable="orders.dbf" rs:write="true"
 rs:nullable="false" rs:number="3" name="employeeid">
   <s:datatype rs:fixedlength="true" rs:precision="20" rs:scale="0" dt:maxlength="10"
 rs:dbtype="numeric" dt:type="number">
   </s:datatype></s:attributetype>
   <s:attributetype rs:basecolumn="lastname" rs:basetable="orders.dbf" rs:write="true"
 rs:nullable="false" rs:number="4" name="lastname">
   <s:datatype rs:fixedlength="true" dt:maxlength="20" rs:dbtype="str" dt:type="string">
   </s:datatype></s:attributetype>
   <s:attributetype rs:basecolumn="firstname" rs:basetable="orders.dbf" rs:write="true"
 rs:nullable="false" rs:number="5" name="firstname">
   <s:datatype rs:fixedlength="true" dt:maxlength="10" rs:dbtype="str" dt:type="string">
   </s:datatype></s:attributetype>
   <s:attributetype rs:basecolumn="orderdate" rs:basetable="orders.dbf" rs:write="true"
 rs:nullable="true" rs:number="6" name="orderdate">
   <s:datatype rs:fixedlength="true" dt:maxlength="10" rs:dbtype="Date" dt:type="Date">
   </s:datatype></s:attributetype>
   <s:attributetype name="freight" ...

Click image to display full size

Fig 1: Microsoft® Office Excel 2003: orderinfo.xml.

For data accessed through a Recital Database Gateway, such as Oracle, MySQL or PostgreSQL, the FETCH command can be used to save a cursor results set into an XML file:

// Connect to MySQL Database 'mydata' via Recital Database Gateway
nStatHand=SQLSTRINGCONNECT("mys@mysql1:user1/pass1-mydata",.T.)
if nStatHand < 1
  dialog box [Could not connect]
else
  DECLARE cursor1 CURSOR FOR;
      SELECT account_no, last_name, first_name FROM example
  OPEN cursor1
  FETCH cursor1 INTO XML exa1.xml
  SQLDISCONNECT(nStatHand)
endif

SQL: Importing

The CREATE TABLE statement allows a new table to be created based on the structure defined in an XML file. The data from the XML file can optionally be loaded into this new table if the LOAD keyword is included. For example, a new 'orderinfo' table can be created and populated with data from the orderinfo.xml file created by the SELECT...SAVE AS XML statement shown earlier:

open database southwind
SELECT orders.orderid, orders.customerid,;
    employees.employeeid, employees.lastname, employees.firstname,;
    orders.orderdate, orders.freight, orders.requireddate,;
    orders.shippeddate, orders.shipvia, orders.shipname,;
    orders.shipaddress, orders.shipcity,;
    orders.shipregion, orders.shippostalcode, orders.shipcountry,;
    customers.companyname, customers.address, customers.city,;
    customers.region, customers.postalcode, customers.country; 
    FROM orders INNER JOIN customers;
    ON customers.customerid = orders.customerid,;
    orders INNER JOIN employees;
    ON orders.employeeid = employees.employeeid;
    SAVE AS XML orderinfo

CREATE TABLE orderinfo FROM XML orderinfo LOAD

The INSERT statement can be used to load data when the table structure already exists. Taking our earlier orderinfo.xml file again, the data can be loaded using INSERT:

open database southwind;
SELECT orders.orderid, orders.customerid,;
    employees.employeeid, employees.lastname, employees.firstname,;
    orders.orderdate, orders.freight, orders.requireddate,;
    orders.shippeddate, orders.shipvia, orders.shipname,;
    orders.shipaddress, orders.shipcity,;;
    orders.shipregion, orders.shippostalcode, orders.shipcountry,;
    customers.companyname, customers.address, customers.city,;
    customers.region, customers.postalcode, customers.country; 
    FROM orders INNER JOIN customers;
    ON customers.customerid = orders.customerid,;
    orders INNER JOIN employees;
    ON orders.employeeid = employees.employeeid;
    SAVE AS XML orderinfo
CREATE TABLE orderinfo FROM XML orderinfo

INSERT INTO orderinfo FROM XML orderinfo

The examples above show the export and import in a single piece of code. To transfer data between binary-incompatible platforms, the export phase using SELECT...SAVE AS XML would be carried out on the source platform, the resulting XML file would be transferred to the target platform, then the import phase using CREATE TABLE...LOAD or CREATE TABLE + INSERT would be run on the target platform.

Recital/4GL

The Recital/4GL offers the ability to export data into XML files using the COPY TO ... TYPE XML command and import from XML using the XMLFIRST() and XMLNEXT() functions.

Recital/4GL: Exporting

The COPY TO command can be used to export data from Recital and other natively supported tables out to a wide range of formats. This includes exporting to an XML file. The '.xml' file extension is added automatically. The COPY TO command can be used to export an entire table:

open database southwind
use orders
copy to orders type xml

or, using the FIELDS clause and the FOR or WHILE clauses, restrict the field list and export only those records which match a particular condition:

open database southwind
use orders
copy to orders type xml fields orderid for year(orderdate) = 1996

Only the orderid field from those records which match the condition is exported:

<x-ml xmlns:z="#RowsetSchema" xmlns:rs="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:rowset"
 xmlns:dt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882" xmlns:s="uuid:BDC6E3F0-6DA3-11d1-A2A3-
00AA00C14882">
 <s:schema id="RowsetSchema">
  <s:elementtype rs:updatable="true" content="eltOnly" name="row">
   <s:attributetype rs:basecolumn="ORDERID" rs:basetable="ORDERS" rs:write="true" rs:nullable="true"
 rs:number="1" name="ORDERID">
   <s:datatype rs:fixedlength="true" rs:precision="10" rs:scale="0" dt:maxlength="10"
 rs:dbtype="numeric" dt:type="number">
   </s:datatype></s:attributetype>
  </s:elementtype>
 </s:schema>
 <rs:data>
 <z:row orderid="10248">
 <z:row orderid="10249">
 <z:row orderid="10250">
 <z:row ...

Recital/4GL: Importing

Data from an XML file can be extracted one record at a time using the XMLFIRST() and XMLNEXT() functions. XMLFIRST() reads the first record from an XML file and loads information from the file into a series of memory variables and arrays. The record data is loaded into a one-dimensional array which is created automatically. Each element in the array contains the data for its corresponding field in string format. The field names are loaded into another automatically-created array. The XMLNEXT() function works in a similar way to deal with all the subsequent records in the XML file. The XMLCOUNT() function can be used, as in the example below, to determine how many data records the XML file has.

The Recital/4GL includes a vast range of functions for manipulation and conversion of arrays and their individual elements. In the example program below, the XMLFIRST() and XMLNEXT() functions are used to sequentially extract each record from an XML file, whose name is passed to the program as a parameter. Once loaded into an array, the data is converted to the correct Recital data type then appended into a table. The table name is also passed as a parameter.

procedure replaceit
  append blank
  for i = 1 to numfields
    if type(field(i)) = "N"
      replace &(field(i)) with val(data[&i])
    elseif type(field(i)) = "D"
      replace &(field(i)) with stod(data[&i])
    elseif type(field(i)) = "T"
      replace &(field(i)) with ctot(data[&i])
    elseif type(field(i)) = "L"
      replace &(field(i)) with iif(data[&i]="T",.T.,.F.)
    elseif type(field(i)) = "Y"
      replace &(field(i)) with val(data[&i])
    else
      replace &(field(i)) with data[&i]
    endif
  next
return
 
procedure starthere                    
  parameters cTable, cFile
  numfields=xmlfirst(cFile,targ,trans,where,fldnames,data)
  if numfields < 1
    dialog box [No records in XML file]
  else
    use &cTable
    replaceit()
  endif
  numrecs = xmlcount(cFile)
  if numrecs > 1
    numleft = numrecs -1
    for i = 1 to numleft
      xmlnext(trans,where,fldnames,data)
      replaceit()
    next
  endif
return

Alternative Import/Export Methods

Other features exist in Recital to facilitate the import and export of data:

RDDs

The RDDs, Replaceable Database Drivers, are available on Windows, Linux and all supported 32-bit UNIX platforms. They allow for the use and creation of database tables and indexes in FoxPro, dBase and Clipper formats. The file format is the same across all the platforms that support the RDDs, allowing the tables and indexes to be transferred as required. The formats are also supported by a wide range of third-party products as well as their originating database systems. For more information on the RDDs, please see the online documentation on Xbase migration and the SET FILETYPE command.

BUILD/INSTALL

These are Recital/4GL commands for the export (BUILD) and import (INSTALL) of Recital tables and their associated memo, dictionary and multiple index files in ASCII format to allow them to be transferred across binary incompatible platforms. For more information, please see the online documentation on Recital/4GL commands.

COPY Commands

The COPY TO, COPY STRUCTURE, COPY STRUCTURE EXTENDED and CREATE FROM commands can all be used to enable data to be transferred between different formats and different platforms. For more information, please see the online documentation on Recital/4GL commands.

Appendix 1: Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects XML Format

For detailed information on the Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects XML Format, please consult the following Microsoft documentation:

Link

XML Persistence Format

Namespaces

Schema Section

Data Section

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The Recital Universal ODBC Driver is a 32 bit implementation, so is not listed in the 64 bit ODBC Data Source Administrator, which is the default administrator accessed from Control Panel | Administration Tools.

So, to create and configure Recital ODBC datasources, you need to use the Window 32 bit ODBC Data Source Administrator or Recital's own  Recital Universal ODBC Manager (32-bit).

The Window 32 bit ODBC Data Source Administrator is %windir%\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe.
The Recital Universal ODBC Manager (32-bit) can be accessed from the Control Panel (icon view).
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Each Recital table can have one or more data dictionaries to provide a central repository for constraints and other metadata. 

Here's how to set up field validation for a field with a small static number of acceptable values.

Using the example.dbf table from the southwind sample database, validation can be added to the title field to ensure it matches one of a list values.
open database southwind
alter table example add constraint;
(title set check inlist(alltrim(title),"Miss","Mr","Mrs","Ms"))
The inlist() function checks whether the specified expression exists in the comma-separated list which follows.  An attempt to update title with a value not in the list will give an error: Validation on field 'TITLE' failed.

If you have access to the Recital Workbench, you can use the modify structure worksurface to add and alter your dictionary entries, including a customized error message if required.

validation


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This article looks at After Image Journaling and audit trails in Recital using SET JOURNAL and associated commands.

Overview

After Image Journaling, used in conjunction with a structured backup policy is an effective disaster recovery solution. Any transaction that takes place on a table that is being journaled is logged in the journal file. In the event of a disk crash or similar event in which the table is lost, the journaled transactions can be reapplied to the latest backup copy of the table. Alternatively or additionally, the journal can be used to provide an audit trail to all modifications made to the table data.

NOTE: Recital also provides Before Image Journaling via BEGIN TRANSACTION / END TRANSACTION blocks, allowing unsuccessful transactions to be rolled back to a set saved state.

SET JOURNAL and RECOVER

Regular backups are an essential routine for any system, but in high-transaction environments restoration of the latest backup can still mean a major loss of data. After image journaling can successfully be used as part of your disaster recovery strategy to minimize data loss and down time. Recital after image journaling functionality is based on the use of the SET JOURNAL and RECOVER commands.

SET JOURNAL
SET JOURNAL TO [<.dbj filename> | ()]
SET JOURNAL ON | OFF | ()

The SET JOURNAL command is used to enable the After Image Journaling and audit trail for the active table. The TO <.dbj filename> clause associates the specified transaction journal file with the active table.  If the journal file does not exist, it will be created.  The filename can be substituted with a <expC>, enclosed in round brackets, which returns a valid filename.  If no file extension is specified, ‘.dbj’ is used. When specifying a journal file, it is recommended that the journal file is stored on a different disk than that which the table is stored on, so that if a fatal disk error occurs, then the journal file will not be lost along with the table. 

//Enable journaling for the southwind!orders table
open database southwind
use orders
set journal to /journals/ord_journ

The <.dbj filename> is a standard table.  It contains seven fields that are specific to a journal file, followed by the first 249 fields of the associated table.

The first seven fields in the journal are:


Field

Type

Display

Storage

Description

AUD_DATE

Date

8 | 10 *

4

The date on which the transaction was performed.

AUD_TIME

Character

8

8

 The time at which the transaction was performed, in the format HH:MM:SS.

AUD_TERM

Character

12

12

The name of the terminal from which the transaction was performed

AUD_UID

Short

5

2

The ID of the user who performed the transaction.

AUD_GID

Short

5

2

The group ID of the user who performed the transaction.

AUD_CMD

Short

4

2

The command number of the transaction performed from the command table below

AUD_RECNO

Integer

7

4

The record number in the associated table which the transaction was performed on.


* Dependent on SET CENTURY setting.

The AUD_CMD Command Reference Numbers are as follows:


Command

Number

DELETE

14

RECALL

36

REPLACE

41

BROWSE

6

CHANGE

8

EDIT

17

INSERT

26

APPEND

5

READ

35


Since journal files are standard Recital tables, you can use standard Recital commands such as the REPORT command to print audit trails, transaction logs, etc.

//Enable journaling for the southwind!orders table
open database southwind
use orders
set journal to /journals/ord_journ
//.. transactions
close data
//View journaled records
use /journals/ord_journ.dbj

Click image to display full size

Fig 1: Journal Record Example.

The SET JOURNAL TO command without a <.dbj filename> specified closes the active journal file and no further journaling will take place on the active table until the SET JOURNAL TO <.dbj filename> is reissued.

The journaling features are mainly used with shared tables.  It should be noted that there is an overhead in enabling transaction journaling, as records updated in a table are also written to the journal file. When records are appended into a journal file, locking is automatically performed so that multiple users can update the journal concurrently.  The associated table must be opened shareable for this to occur.  Each table can have a journal file associated with it. 

The SET JOURNAL ON | OFF command enables or disables transaction journaling.  This command is primarily used in applications where journaling can be disabled for a certain class of operations. By default, SET JOURNAL is ON, but no journal files are set.

NOTE: Only the first 249 fields of a table can be journaled: subsequent fields are ignored. The maximum number of fields in a Recital table is 256.

RECOVER
RECOVER FROM <.dbj filename> | ()

The RECOVER command uses the journal file to reapply lost transactions to a previous backup of the data after a fatal error such as a disk head crash. The FROM clause specifies the journal file to use. The file name can be substituted with an <expC>, enclosed in round brackets, which returns a valid filename.  If no file extension is specified, then ‘.dbj’ is assumed. 

Regular backups are essential to the successful use of After Image Journaling.   It is also very important to reinitialize the journal file after each backup: either open the journal file as you would a normal table and use the ZAP command, or delete the file completely. If a fatal error occurs, such as a disk head crash, the table and index files must be restored from a backup, then the RECOVER command executed. RECOVER will reapply' all of the transactions in the journal file to the table, and update the indexes.  After the RECOVER command has completed, you can continue with normal processing. 

//Create a backup of the southwind!orders table
//...backup table and associated files
//Reinitialize the journal file
erase /journals/ord_journ.dbj
//Enable journaling for the southwind!orders table
open database southwind
use orders
set journal to /journals/ord_journ
//.. transactions
//Restore the backup of the southwind!orders table
//...restore
//Open the restored backup
open database southwind
use orders
//Reapply the transactions using the journal
recover from /journals/ord_journ.dbj
//Now, enable the journal file again or
//restart with a new backup

Journaling Memo Fields

By default, memo fields - variable length text fields - are not journaled due to the possible storage overhead of multiple copies of potentially large blocks of text. But, if memo journaling is required, the SET MEMOJOURNAL ON command can be used to enable this.

SET MEMOJOURNAL
SET MEMOJOURNAL ON | OFF | ()

The SET MEMOJOURNAL command causes memo fields to be journaled when journaling is set on a table. This command allows the optional logical expression <expL> to be evaluated.  If a value of  .T. is returned, MEMOJOURNAL is set ON.  If a value of .F. is returned, MEMOJOURNAL is set OFF.  By default SET MEMOJOURNAL is OFF.

Like a normal Recital table, the journal holds only a pointer to a data block in an associated memo file, not the actual memo data itself. The journal's memo file has a file extension of .dbm rather than the standard Recital .dbt. Therefore, if the journal is being opened as a table, in order to view the journal's memo data, the SET MEMOEXT command should be used.

//Enable journaling for the southwind!suppliers table
open database southwind
use suppliers
set journal to /journals/sup_journ
//.. transactions
close data
//Set filename extension for memo file
set memoext to '.dbm'
//View journaled records
use /journals/sup_journ.dbj

Summary

The After Image Journaling enabled by the SET JOURNAL and RECOVER commands can be used in conjunction with a strict backup regime to minimize data loss in cases where tables become damaged or irretrievable. Journal files can be accessed like standard Recital tables and provide detailed information about the transactions applied to a table, so can be used for auditing purposes.

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